瀝青灑布車是一種黑色路面施工機(jī)械，它是公路、城市道路、機(jī)場(chǎng)和港口碼頭建設(shè)的主要設(shè)備。該設(shè)備主要是對(duì)不同種類的瀝青進(jìn)行路面噴灑，以滿足不同等級(jí)路面透層、粘層、上下封層、霧封層等施工需求。
Asphalt distributor is a kind of black road construction machinery. It is the main equipment for highway, urban road, airport and port wharf construction. The equipment is mainly used for spraying different kinds of bituminous pavement to meet the construction requirements of different grades of pavement penetration layer, sticky layer, up and down seal layer, fog seal layer and so on.
然而，市面上有些瀝青灑布車灑布效果并不如意，會(huì)存在橫向?yàn)⒉疾痪鶆虻默F(xiàn)象，典型的橫向不均勻現(xiàn)象就灑布是出現(xiàn)的橫向條紋。這時(shí)采取一定措施，可有效改善瀝青灑布橫向均勻性。
However, the effect of some asphalt sprinkles on the market is not satisfactory, and there will be a phenomenon of uneven distribution of the transverse distribution. At this time, a certain measure is adopted to effectively improve the transverse uniformity of asphalt spreading.
1、改進(jìn)噴嘴結(jié)構(gòu)
1. Improving the structure of the nozzle
這樣做有以下目的：一是為了適應(yīng)噴灑管的結(jié)構(gòu)，使每個(gè)噴嘴的瀝青流量分配接近一致；二是為了使單噴嘴的噴灑投影面形狀和大小符合設(shè)計(jì)要求，達(dá)到最優(yōu)，并使區(qū)域內(nèi)瀝青流量分布滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求；三是為了適應(yīng)不同品種的瀝青和不同灑布量的施工要求。
In order to adapt to the structure of the spray nozzle, the asphalt flow distribution of each nozzle is close to the same; two is to make the shape and size of the projection surface of the single nozzle meet the design requirements, to achieve the optimum, and to meet the design requirements in the area of the asphalt flow distribution in the region; three in order to adapt to different varieties. Construction requirements of asphalt and different sprinkled quantities.
2、適當(dāng)提高灑布車速
2. Improve the speed of sprinkling
智能型瀝青灑布車車速只要在合理范圍內(nèi)變化，對(duì)瀝青灑布縱向均勻性無影響。因?yàn)楫?dāng)車速較快時(shí)，單位時(shí)間內(nèi)灑出瀝青量就變大，而單位面積上瀝青灑布量仍然保持不變，車速改變對(duì)橫向均勻性有較大影響。
The speed of intelligent asphalt distributor has no influence on the longitudinal uniformity of asphalt spreading as long as it changes within a reasonable range. Because when the vehicle speed is faster, the amount of asphalt in a unit time becomes larger, and the amount of asphalt spraying on the unit area remains unchanged, and the change of vehicle speed has a great influence on the lateral uniformity.
當(dāng)車速較快時(shí)，單位時(shí)間內(nèi)單噴嘴流量變大，噴灑投影面增大，重疊數(shù)增加；同時(shí)，射流速度提高，瀝青碰撞能量增加，“沖擊～飛濺一勻化”作用增強(qiáng)，橫向?yàn)⒉几鶆?，所以?yīng)適當(dāng)采用較快車速，使橫向均勻性始終保持比較好。
When the speed is faster, the flow rate of single nozzle becomes larger in unit time, the projection surface increases and the overlap number increases; at the same time, the jet speed increases, the asphalt collision energy is increased, the impact to the splash one homogenization is enhanced and the transverse distribution is more uniform, so the faster speed should be adopted to keep the transverse evenness the most. Good.
智能型瀝青灑布車，灑布精度高，噴灑量不受車速影響
Intelligent asphalt distributor has high sprinkler precision and no influence on vehicle speed.
3、改善瀝青特性
3, improving the characteristics of asphalt
瀝青黏度大，則瀝青流動(dòng)阻力大，噴射成形小，重疊數(shù)減小。為了克服這些不足，一般做法是加大噴嘴通徑，但這樣做勢(shì)必減小了射流速度，弱化了“沖擊一飛濺～勻化”作用，使橫向?yàn)⒉疾痪鶆?。為了提高瀝青施工工藝性能，應(yīng)改善瀝青特性。
When asphalt viscosity is large, the flow resistance of asphalt is large, spray forming is small, and the number of overlaps decreases. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the general approach is to increase the diameter of the nozzle, but this will reduce the velocity of the jet, weaken the impact of a splash to homogenization, and make the transverse distribution uneven. In order to improve the performance of asphalt construction technology, asphalt properties should be improved.
4、使噴灑管離地高度可調(diào)，閉環(huán)控制
4. To adjust the height of the sprinkler to the ground, closed loop control
由于噴灑扇面角會(huì)受到車速、瀝青種類、溫度、粘度等因素影響，所以離地高度最好根據(jù)施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)確定，并以此作為依據(jù)進(jìn)行調(diào)整：
As the spraying fan angle will be influenced by the speed, the kind of asphalt, the temperature and the viscosity, the height of the ground is best determined according to the construction experience and is adjusted as a basis.
噴灑管離地高度太大，會(huì)減小瀝青噴灑沖擊力，弱化“沖擊一飛濺～勻化”作用；噴灑管離地高度過低，會(huì)減小瀝青噴灑扇面重疊數(shù)，應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況調(diào)節(jié)噴灑管高度以提高瀝青噴灑效果。
The height of the spray pipe is too high, which will reduce the impact of the asphalt spray and weaken the impact of a splash to homogenization. The low altitude of the sprinkler tube will reduce the overlap number of the asphalt spray fan surface, and the height of the spray pipe should be adjusted according to the actual conditions to improve the effect of the asphalt spraying.
